英语自反义词是什么意思，英语中常见的自反义词

学习英语的人常常会遇到这样的问题：有些单词很奇怪，当你正确地选用了它们时，同时你又会怀疑是不是错选了。因为这些词有着完全不同甚至相反的意思。

自反义词（contronym，也叫contranym or autoantonym）是一个具有两种含义的词，而且这两种含义恰好相反。语法上说，“自反义词是同音词（是另一个拼写相同但含义不同的词），也是反义词（意思相反的词）。”

但一些严谨的语法学家认为，从专业角度讲，它们是同形异义词（homographs）。同形同音异义词（homonyms）发音相同；如果发音不同，则为同形异音异义词（heteronyms）。

自反义词有时也被称为“Janus词”，“Janus”是罗马神话中的两面神的名字。下面我们列举30个英语中常见的自反义词。

1.Bolt

To separate by fleeing or to hold together (as with a bolt)

2.Bound

Going toward a destination or restrained from moving

3.Buckle

To fasten together (with a buckle) or to bend or collapse from pressure

4.Cleave

To adhere firmly and closely or to split apart

5.Clip

To fasten (as with a paperclip) or to detach with shears (clipping your hair or your hedges)

6.Consult

To give advice or to get advice

7.Custom

A common practice or a specially made item

8.Dust

To cover something with a fine power or to make something clean by brushing or removing dust

9.Enjoin

To order someone to do something or to prohibit someone from doing something

10.Fast

Firmly fixed and unmoving or able to move rapidly

11.Finished

Completed or destroyed

12.Garnish

To add decorative touches (to food or drink) or to take/withhold from (as in wages)

13.Handicap

An advantage given to equalize chances of winning (as in golf) or a disadvantage that makes equality difficult

14.Lease

To rent property or to offer property for rent

15.Left

Departed or remained behind

16.Model

The original, perfect example or a copy

17.Off

Not operating (turn off the light) or operating (the alarm went off)

18.Out

Visible (the stars are out) or invisible (the lights are out)

19.Overlook

To watch or to fail to notice

20.Oversight

Watchful, responsible care or a mistake made due to forgetfulness or poor supervision

21.Peruse

To skim or to read very carefully

22.Ravel

To separate or to become entangled

23.Rent

To lease something or to offer an something for lease

24.Sanction

To boycott or to approve

25.Screen

To hide or to show (like a movie)

26.Seed

To add seed (seeding the lawn) or to remove seed (seeding a watermelon)

27.Strike

To hit or to miss while trying to hit

28.Trim

To add (decorations) or to take away (extra hair or fabric, for example)

29.Wear

To endure or to deteriorate

30.Weather

To withstand or to be worn away